# Blocks

Blocks are the building blocks of blockchains and rollups. A block contains transactions that will alter the state of an EVM system incrementally. Transactions within a block can only be executed one after the other, not in parallel.

These tables are useful for identifying block activity and transaction changes over time.

## ETL data class

| Column Name                   | Data Type | Note        |
| ----------------------------- | --------- | ----------- |
| timestamp                     | timestamp |             |
| number                        | int       |             |
| hash                          | str       | primary key |
| parent\_hash                  | str       |             |
| nonce                         | str       |             |
| sha3\_uncles                  | str       |             |
| transactions\_root            | str       |             |
| state\_root                   | str       |             |
| receipts\_root                | str       |             |
| miner                         | str       |             |
| difficulty                    | int       |             |
| total\_difficulty             | int       |             |
| size                          | int       |             |
| extra\_data                   | str       |             |
| gas\_limit                    | int       |             |
| gas\_used                     | int       |             |
| transactions\_count           | int       |             |
| base\_fee\_per\_gas           | int       |             |
| withdrawals\_root             | str       |             |
| blob\_gas\_used               | int       |             |
| excess\_blob\_gas             | int       |             |
| traces\_count                 | int       |             |
| internal\_transactions\_count | int       |             |

Examples

```json
{
  "timestamp": "2023-10-29T03:34:19.000Z",
  "number": 435530,
  "hash": "0x68189ad6461faff3837f22571813eb507de3bdca2d1c9b596f233bd1fc8ff810",
  "parent_hash": "0x04db8bfd20912bba895e7697f48997c38ebe95a7392e58f7b88777764555a50c",
  "nonce": "0",
  "sha3_uncles": "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
  "transactions_root": "0x5c704be9d382467cb8ee1e12f0ab04e30592d3fb9acb8fe7fda7e2a09bc788b0",
  "state_root": "0xeb14acf5feb30868d3ed1a29d4e1347beca86b5086a8e516041e7d237e7c0f7a",
  "receipts_root": "0x40c0b3b1cb04517954a19c2d24b5a30042fc1d0281e3b9a8ffffae13a0aa9269",
  "miner": "0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000011",
  "difficulty": 0,
  "total_difficulty": 0,
  "size": 3047,
  "extra_data": "0x",
  "gas_limit": 30000000,
  "gas_used": 965239,
  "transactions_count": 7,
  "base_fee_per_gas": 50
}
```

| Column Name                   | Data Type    | Note          |
| ----------------------------- | ------------ | ------------- |
| hash                          | bytea        | primary key   |
| number                        | bigint       |               |
| timestamp                     | timestamp    |               |
| parent\_hash                  | bytea        |               |
| nonce                         | bytea        |               |
| gas\_limit                    | numeric(100) |               |
| gas\_used                     | numeric(100) |               |
| base\_fee\_per\_gas           | numeric(100) |               |
| difficulty                    | numeric(38)  |               |
| total\_difficulty             | numeric(38)  |               |
| size                          | bigint       |               |
| miner                         | bytea        |               |
| sha3\_uncles                  | bytea        |               |
| transactions\_root            | bytea        |               |
| transactions\_count           | bigint       |               |
| state\_root                   | bytea        |               |
| receipts\_root                | bytea        |               |
| extra\_data                   | bytea        |               |
| withdrawals\_root             | bytea        |               |
| create\_time                  | timestamp    | default now() |
| update\_time                  | timestamp    | default now() |
| reorg                         | boolean      |               |
| blob\_gas\_used               | numeric(100) |               |
| excess\_blob\_gas             | numeric(100) |               |
| traces\_count                 | bigint       |               |
| internal\_transactions\_count | bigint       |               |

Examples

```json
{
  "hash": "E'\\\\x68189AD6461FAFF3837F22571813EB507DE3BDCA2D1C9B596F233BD1FC8FF810'",
  "number": 435530,
  "timestamp": "2023-10-29 03:34:19.000000",
  "parent_hash": "E'\\\\x04DB8BFD20912BBA895E7697F48997C38EBE95A7392E58F7B88777764555A50C'",
  "nonce": "E'\\\\x0000000000000000'",
  "gas_limit": 30000000,
  "gas_used": 965239,
  "base_fee_per_gas": 50,
  "difficulty": 0,
  "total_difficulty": 0,
  "size": 3047,
  "miner": "E'\\\\x4200000000000000000000000000000000000011'",
  "sha3_uncles": "E'\\\\x1DCC4DE8DEC75D7AAB85B567B6CCD41AD312451B948A7413F0A142FD40D49347'",
  "transactions_root": "E'\\\\x5C704BE9D382467CB8EE1E12F0AB04E30592D3FB9ACB8FE7FDA7E2A09BC788B0'",
  "transactions_count": 7,
  "state_root": "E'\\\\xEB14ACF5FEB30868D3ED1A29D4E1347BECA86B5086A8E516041E7D237E7C0F7A'",
  "receipts_root": "E'\\\\x40C0B3B1CB04517954A19C2D24B5A30042FC1D0281E3B9A8FFFFAE13A0AA9269'",
  "extra_data": "E'\\\\x'",
  "withdrawals_root": null,
  "create_time": "2024-08-12 13:38:46.949956",
  "update_time": null,
  "reorg": false,
  "blob_gas_used": null,
  "excess_blob_gas": null,
  "traces_count": 15,
  "internal_transactions_count": 3
}
```

```csv
0x68189AD6461FAFF3837F22571813EB507DE3BDCA2D1C9B596F233BD1FC8FF810,435530,2023-10-29 03:34:19.000000,0x04DB8BFD20912BBA895E7697F48997C38EBE95A7392E58F7B88777764555A50C,0x0000000000000000,30000000,965239,50,0,0,3047,0x4200000000000000000000000000000000000011,0x1DCC4DE8DEC75D7AAB85B567B6CCD41AD312451B948A7413F0A142FD40D49347,0x5C704BE9D382467CB8EE1E12F0AB04E30592D3FB9ACB8FE7FDA7E2A09BC788B0,7,0xEB14ACF5FEB30868D3ED1A29D4E1347BECA86B5086A8E516041E7D237E7C0F7A,0x40C0B3B1CB04517954A19C2D24B5A30042FC1D0281E3B9A8FFFFAE13A0AA9269,0x,null,2024-08-12 13:38:46.949956,null,false,null,null,15,3
```